{"id":79,"date":"2021-02-01T21:50:30","date_gmt":"2021-02-02T00:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/tr\/?p=79"},"modified":"2021-02-01T21:50:30","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T00:50:30","slug":"james-epistle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/james-epistle\/","title":{"rendered":"James Epistle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yakup’un iman\u0131na (inanca) sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen mektubunda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, sebat\u0131n bitti\u011fi i\u015ftir (Yak 1: 4), yani m\u00fckemmel yasaya, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yasas\u0131na inanmaya devam etmektir (Yak 1: 25).<\/p>\n

\n

James Epistle<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Muhtemelen \u0130sa’n\u0131n karde\u015flerinden biri olan Adil Yakup (Mt 13:55; Markos 6: 3) bu mektubun yazar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Karde\u015f James, ancak Mesih’in dirili\u015finden sonra (Yuhanna 7: 3-5; Ac 1:14; 1 Cor 15: 7; Galatyal\u0131lar 1:19), Kud\u00fcs’teki kilisenin liderlerinden biri haline geldi ve \u015fu ki\u015filerden biri olarak atand\u0131 kilisenin s\u00fctunlar\u0131 (Gal. 2: 9).<\/p>\n

James’in mektubu MS 45 civar\u0131nda tarihleniyor. C., Kud\u00fcs’te 50 g\u00fcn civar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ilk konseyden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce. En eski Yeni Ahit mektubunu yapan C. Tarih\u00e7i Fl\u00e1vio Josefo’ya g\u00f6re Tiago, 62. g\u00fcn civar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00c7.<\/p>\n

Mektubun muhataplar\u0131, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k Yahudilerdir (Jas 1: 1), dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Yahudilere \u00f6zg\u00fc sert ton ve dil.<\/p>\n

Bu mektubu yazarken, Yakup, \u0130sa Mesih’e iman etmek olan m\u00fcjdenin \u00f6\u011fretisiyle, Yahudilerin tek Tanr\u0131’ya iman etme \u00f6\u011fretisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tanr\u0131’ya inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemenin faydas\u0131 yok ama Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n buyru\u011funa itaat etmemesi, Mesih’e inanmak olan Tanr\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yakup’un yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bize \u0130sa’n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi \u015feyi hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor: \u201cKalplerinizin sorun ya\u015famas\u0131na izin VERMEY\u0130N; Tanr\u0131’ya inan\u0131yorsun, sen de bana inan\u0131yorsun \u201d<\/strong>(Yuhanna 14: 1), hedef kitle a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nan konunun ilgisini g\u00f6steriyor: Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Yahudiler.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Yakup mektubuyla ilgili bir yanl\u0131\u015f anlama, H\u0131ristiyan \u00e2lemine yay\u0131ld\u0131, kurtulu\u015fu eserlerle savundu, imanla kurtulu\u015fu savunan Yahudi olmayanlara kar\u015f\u0131 havariye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

James’in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, Martin Luther’in bu mektuptan nefret etmesine neden oldu ve ona “saman mektup” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Yakup’un \u00f6\u011fretisinin, el\u00e7i Pavlus taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011fretilenden farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remedi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yakup Mektubunun \u00d6zeti<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Yakup mektubu, imanda sebat etmeye bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fctle ba\u015flar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sebatla iman i\u015fi sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r (Yak 1: 3-4). Her kim solmadan s\u0131navlara katlan\u0131yorsa, kutsanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona itaat edenlere (seven) verilecek olan ya\u015fam tac\u0131n\u0131 Tanr\u0131’dan alacakt\u0131r (Yak.1: 12).<\/p>\n

James, bu terimi hem ‘inanmak’ hem de ‘hakikat’ anlam\u0131nda kullanan el\u00e7i Pavlus’un aksine ‘inanmak’, ‘inanmak’, ‘g\u00fcvenmek’ anlam\u0131nda ‘inan\u00e7’ terimini kullan\u0131r ve bu ikinci anlam bundan \u00e7ok daha fazla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra Yakup, hakikat s\u00f6z\u00fcyle yeni do\u011fum olan m\u00fcjdenin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sunar (Yakup 1:18). Kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc olan itaatk\u00e2r bir hizmet\u00e7i olarak m\u00fcjdenin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc alman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funu iddia ettikten sonra (Yakup 2: 21), James muhataplar\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretiyi unutmadan m\u00fcjdede belirlenenleri yerine getirmeleri i\u00e7in te\u015fvik eder. Mesih’in (Yakup 2: 21).<\/p>\n

Yakup, sevindirici haberin hakikatine dikkat eden ve unutulmu\u015f bir dinleyici olmamakla birlikte ona sebat eden herkesin Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n koydu\u011fu i\u015fi Mesih’e inanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlar (Yakup 2:25).<\/p>\n

Yakup, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi i\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kalpten gelen \u015feyi k\u0131s\u0131tlamadan dindar olman\u0131n kendini aldatmak oldu\u011funu ve bireyin dininin bo\u015funa oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlar (Yakup 2: 26-27).<\/p>\n

Yakup yine muhataplar\u0131na karde\u015fler diyor ve sonra onlar\u0131 Mesih’e inanan olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettikleri i\u00e7in insanlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermemeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor (Yakup 2: 1). Birisi Rab \u0130sa’ya inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa, bu inanca g\u00f6re hareket etmelidir: insanlara k\u00f6ken, dil, kabile, millet vb. Nedenlerle sayg\u0131 duymamak. (Cem 2:12)<\/p>\n

Tiago’nun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ciddi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla tekrar de\u011fi\u015fiyor: – ‘Karde\u015flerim’, onlara inan\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemenin yararl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormak, e\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoksa. Eserleri kurtarmadan bir inan\u00e7 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n

Ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma terimi, bir emre itaat etmenin sonucu olan antik \u00e7a\u011f insan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. O zamanlar erkekler i\u00e7in, bir efendinin emri ve bir hizmetkar\u0131n itaati i\u015fle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131m insanlardan kurtulu\u015fa do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fir. \u0130lk; Mesih’e iman eden kimse sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. \u0130kincisi: Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n bir oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen ki\u015fi, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi i\u015fi yapmazsa kurtar\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mesele, Mesih’e iman etti\u011fini iddia eden biri de\u011fil, iman etti\u011fini iddia eden biri, ancak tek Tanr\u0131’ya imanla ilgili. Mesih’e iman eden her kimse kurtulacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n istedi\u011fi i\u015f budur. Tanr\u0131’ya inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden, ancak i\u015fi yapan ki\u015fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Mesih’e inanmayan birini kurtaramazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u0130nan\u00e7 (inan\u00e7) oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenlerin yapmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, sebat\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi i\u015ftir (Yak 1: 4), yani m\u00fckemmel yasaya, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yasas\u0131na inanmaya devam etmektir (Yak 1:25). .<\/p>\n

H\u0131ristiyan Yahudiler aras\u0131nda din de\u011fi\u015ftirenler, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi i\u015fin Mesih’e inanmak oldu\u011funu bildiklerinden, iman etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemenin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunarak, James Tanr\u0131’ya inanman\u0131n ve Mesih’e inanmaman\u0131n zarars\u0131z oldu\u011funu vurguluyordu. b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki yakla\u015f\u0131m \u015fu denildi\u011finde tekrar de\u011fi\u015fiyor: karde\u015flerim (Yak. 3: 1). Talimat, usta olmak isteyenlere y\u00f6neliktir, ancak bu bakanl\u0131k al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ‘m\u00fckemmel’ olmak \u015fartt\u0131r. Ba\u011flamda ‘m\u00fckemmel’ olmak, hakikat kelimesine rastlamak de\u011fildir (Jas 3: 2) ve b\u00f6ylece bedene (\u00f6\u011frenciler) liderlik edebilecektir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn neyi te\u015fvik edebilece\u011fine dair \u00f6rneklerden sonra, ayn\u0131 ki\u015fiden farkl\u0131 mesajlarla ilerlemenin imkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmek i\u00e7in, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n bilgisine kar\u015f\u0131 bilgelik ve insan gelene\u011fi ile tezat olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde yakla\u015f\u0131m yine de\u011fi\u015ftirilir (Yak. 3:10 -12) .<\/p>\n

Son olarak talimat, Yahudiler aras\u0131ndan din de\u011fi\u015ftiren H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n birbirleri hakk\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc konu\u015fmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir (Yakup 4:11) ve \u015fekil olarak (zengin), Mesih’i \u00f6ld\u00fcren Yahudilere at\u0131fta bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mektup, ilk temaya de\u011finilerek kapat\u0131l\u0131r: sebat (Yak. 5:11), inananlar\u0131 ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmede sab\u0131rl\u0131 olmaya te\u015fvik eder.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yorumlaman\u0131n ana yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Tiago’nun sosyal adalet, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, hay\u0131r i\u015fleri gibi konularla ilgilendi\u011fini anlay\u0131n;<\/li>\n
  2. Mal biriktiren ‘zenginlere’ y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetli azarlamay\u0131, maddi servete sahip olanlar\u0131 azarlamak olarak de\u011ferlendirmek, ‘zengin’ teriminin Yahudiler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli bir rakam oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemlememek demektir;<\/li>\n
  3. Yakup’un mektubunun, Mesih \u0130sa’ya imanla kurtulu\u015fu sunan el\u00e7i Pavlus’un \u00f6\u011fretisine kar\u015f\u0131t oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131n. Asl\u0131nda James, Tanr\u0131’ya inanman\u0131n kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n istedi\u011fi \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha \u00e7ok \u0130sa’n\u0131n iman\u0131n i\u015fi olan Mesih oldu\u011funa inanmak oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir;<\/li>\n
  4. Ger\u00e7ek imana sahip olanlar\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in iyi eylemlerin gerekli oldu\u011funu anlay\u0131n. Her kim Kutsal Yaz\u0131lara g\u00f6re Mesih’e iman ederse, samimi bir imana sahiptir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n talep etti\u011fi i\u015f budur;<\/li>\n
  5. \u0130yi i\u015fleri, a\u011fac\u0131n tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 meyveyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yakup’un iman\u0131na (inanca) sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen mektubunda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015f, sebat\u0131n bitti\u011fi i\u015ftir (Yak 1: 4), yani m\u00fckemmel yasaya, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yasas\u0131na inanmaya devam etmektir (Yak 1: 25).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15,16,17,33],"class_list":["post-79","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sem-categoria","tag-inanc","tag-isler","tag-james-mektubu","tag-sebat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudosbiblicos.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}